The Issue
Exit Strategies for SME’s
Always be thinking ahead!
By Chris Chillingworth
Partner, CFOs2Go
Thomas Mele
Principal, Mele Group
As each New Year opens, accompanied by the self evaluation of how I/we did in the prior year, what I/we did right, and the things I /we could have done better, accompanied by the optimism that New Year springs from the belief that we can ALL start over / improve on our base, we offer this consideration, as an area to include in your New Year planning.
As financial and operational consultants, we often discuss ways in which to make our clients more profitable, more opportunistic, and more efficient in an ongoing business environment which assumes perpetuity. But another, oft-overlooked component, is to help our clients transition out of
their company on their terms, without undue influence or pressures dictated by circumstance such as, death, disability, unmarketability of the enterprise or succession planning failure. Two recent CFOs2Go clients have hired us for the express purpose of planning for a transition in 3 – 5 years out.
Why focus on exits? Because if you decided or were forced to sell your business today, it is unlikely you would get the best value. Even if you don’t believe you would sell your business today, it makes sense to always be thinking ahead. The sale or transition out of a business is a complicated undertaking. Planning for your exit allows you to:
- Take advantage of market timing
- Provide sufficient time to find the right buyer (strategic, financial, family transition, etc.)
- Reduce the timing in which the business is in “escrow”
- Reduce the risk that a negative finding during Buyer due diligence will be discovered, negatively
impacting valuation. - Clean-up litigations, inefficient operations, right-size the business, and otherwise…
- Maximize the value of the organization.
Businesses are complicated. Businesses are not like selling a car or a house. First, businesses have many stakeholders, all of whom, one way or the other, play an integral part of the success of a business entity:
- Some of whom may have preferential interests
- Board of Directors
- Employees
- Customers
- Vendors
- Lenders
Second, businesses are composed of many different types of assets, which may be valued differently:
- Physical Assets (Inventories, Property, Plant, Equipment)
- Contractual Assets (Accounts Receivable, Notes Receivable)
- Intangible Assets (Intellectual Property, Workforce-in-Place, Customer Lists, Goodwill)
- Known Liabilities
- Contingent or Unknown Liabilities
- Future Contractual Commitments
- Intangible Obligations (Stock Options, Warrants, etc.)
- Tax considerations
- Future Cash Flows
The Transaction Process itself is complicated:
- “Shopping” the Seller by an Investment Banker takes time. Many companies would prefer that the
knowledge they are “for sale” be kept confidential. The longer the “shopping” process takes and the
more companies that are confidentially contacted by the Investment Banker, the greater the risk that unintended disclosure will result. - Buyer due diligence takes time. The buyer often employs a team of highly competent legal, financial, operational, business development, marketing, human resource and merger & acquisition employees, outside attorneys, as well as valuation and M&A consultants. These teams comb through the company’s contracts and records, interview key employees, and often wind up knowing more about the company than the company did itself.
- Because of the passage of time, and the very volatile nature of business is general, there are risks in the several months that pass between the signing of the Letter of Intent and the closing of the
transaction. Much time is spent negotiating what happens if “x” happens. The Buyer wants to close
months later with the same company they bargained for. - There are working capital considerations. Also, all M&A contracts contain provisions that the
working capital (current assets minus current liabilities) will be the same at close as the time the
transaction was entered into. A purchase price adjustment occurs if the working capital differs, as it
invariably does. - Since a major component of every business is its employees, there are usually attempts to “lock up”
key employees through financial incentives given to those employees if they stay for a certain period beyond the close of the transaction. - Often, the disclosure that a deal, once entered into, does not close has a devastating impact of the
Seller’s business and associated valuation. Yet the Buyer wants to preserve certain “walk rights”, or
the right to walk away from the transaction if certain conditions are met. Without getting into details,
these rights negotiated in advance between Buyer and Seller are called, “Material Adverse
Conditions, or “MACs.” - Seller and Buyer virtually always make representations and warranties to each other. Should these
“reps” and warranties be breached, there are generally financial damages, which in the case of the
breach of a Seller’s rep or warranty, can survive the closing of the transaction in a private company
sale. This allows the Buyer to sue for damages and recover from the owners of the private company
sold after the sale has been consummated. (Reps and warranties of public companies “die at the
close” as it is impracticable to recover damages from perhaps thousands of public shareholders.)
CONSIDERATIONS
What can I do now to influence my company’s value in the future?
High Impact Operational Areas That May Need Your Attention Prior to Your Exit Transaction
Did you know that only 10% of the businesses listed for sale in the US ever sell?
(source: www.bizbuysell.com)
Whether you chose to sell your business or one of the other transaction types, there are three critical areas that will need your attention, to ensure your business can thrive without you and you receive maximum value from the transaction. You will need to focus on:
1.Building a capable leadership team and organizational strength
2. Developing a market strategy and sales plan that shows a clear, believable path to profitable growth
3. Ensuring your operational infrastructure is scalable, documented and continuously improving
Each of these areas will be reviewed in detail during the transaction due diligence process, so it is best to get started working in these areas now since it can take 3-5 years to address these areas fully. Let’s discuss briefly what are some practical steps you can begin to take today.
Leadership team and organizational strength.
Did you know that 71% of companies do not feel their leaders are able
to lead their organization into the future?
(source: www.infoprolearning.com)
To ensure continuity and long-term success you will need a core group of leaders that have the maturity and depth of knowledge to be able to lead and continuously improve their respective operations. You can go look for them now or train them up from within your current team—both options are hard and take time. Finding and holding on to good leaders will require their compensation to be tied to the overall long-term success of the business and you will have to be able to delegate to them operational control of their function and empower them to make decisions.
Market strategy and sales plan to profitable growth.
Did you know that only 56% of companies with fewer than 50 employees
have a documented marketing plan?
(Marketo, 2014)
The first critical step here is to get you, the owner, out of the sales process. If you are the rainmaker, managing all the top client relationships and discovering all the new business—the operation will not thrive without you. Your marketing, customer acquisition and sales processes need to be made independent of you and automated wherever possible.
The next step is to clean up your product portfolio; some revenue is better than others, you want to turn your focus on products and services that generate the highest gross margins and are in areas that have potential for growth. Any resources spent in the next 3-5 years on offerings that do not meet that criteria are not productive and will drag down the value of your company. Go through your offerings and get rid of everything that is a distraction and unprofitable, so that you can direct your resources to offerings and markets that have growth potential.
Finally, for a business to be attractive to a buyer there has to be growth potential, this is where you can let your creativity run wild. What can you do with the assets and core competencies within your company? Where can it go in the future? You do not have to do it or make it happen; you just need a believable, compelling story
Operational infrastructure that is scalable, systematized and continuously improving.
Did you know that companies lose up to 30% in revenue
every year due to inefficiencies?
(source: IDC, www.entrepreneur.com/article/286084)
Document, literally write down, take pictures, draw diagrams of how things are done in every functional area of your business. You do not have to do this yourself, have your leaders and their teams do it. This documentation adds tremendous value to your company when a person assumes ownership or operational control. Your way of doing business is one of the assets they are purchasing and it protects them if a critical team player unexpectedly leaves.
You also want to encourage your team to innovate. If you have been successful in getting a core group of leaders, you want to empower them and the teams they lead to be continually looking for ways to improve their specific area of expertise—make it a game.
After you have addressed these three critical areas it will take at least 2 years of operation with your people and systems in place to ensure they are working as planned and are sustainable. Then you will be better positioned to receive maximum value when you execute your exit strategy of choice. That is why we are encouraging you today to Always be Thinking Ahead!
TYPES OF EXITS
With that as a prelude, we discuss some of the pros and cons of various exit transactions in the Appendix that follows. While the pros and cons are meant to illustrate the major features of each exit transaction, they may not be fully comprehensive of any transaction contemplated on your part. Please consult your local legal and financial advisors.
Summary
Even if you believe your ultimate business exit is years away, it’s never too early to evaluate how you’re going to get there, and what you want the desired outcome to be. CFOs2Go and Mele Group combine to provide unprecedented support in evaluating your options and strategies to achieve your long-term goals. Why not avail yourself of a free consultation with CFOs2Go Partner Chris Chillingworth or Mele Group Principal Thomas Mele? Chris can be reached at (408) 309-1343 and cchillingworth@cfos2go.com, and Thomas at (925) 413-4712 and ThomasMele@melegroup.net.